Non-destructive screening methodology based on handheld XRF for the classification of concrete: cement type-driven separation

Abstract The utilization of locally available concrete waste for producing recycled aggregates is recognized as one the most sustainable ways satisfying growing demand production. However, quality depends on its origin and it may significantly differ from structure to another. Knowing chemical composition parent crucial determining or verifying raw materials. For this reason, pre-demolition streams need be characterized classified. Therefore, a new non-destructive method cement aggregate type in hardened using handheld X-ray fluorescence (hXRF) analyser presented paper. was tested different powders concretes containing types cements including CEM I 42.5 N (Portland cement), II/B-V (Portland-fly ash III/B (GGBFS cement). Combined desktop XRF Energy-dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) measurements were used purpose validation. results revealed that curing affects results: dried surface condition optimal since limits impact moisture efflorescence characteristic element oxides, such CaO. effective measurement duration 30 s. A (GGBFS)-based distinguished other Al 2 O 3 , MgO Fe oxides. inner layers rich SiO oxide study. This shows hXRF suitable use concrete, provided elements are defined ensure distinction between types. Direct adoption characterization, however, requires field testing across wide range compositions situ conditions.